Why International Shipping Knowledge Is Essential
Successfully importing copper and aluminum requires understanding complex logistics including freight options, shipping terms, customs procedures, container specifications, and documentation requirements.
This guide provides actionable insights to optimize shipping costs, minimize delays, ensure compliance, and protect your cargo throughout the international supply chain.
Understanding Incoterms® 2020
Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) define responsibilities between buyer and seller including cost, risk, insurance, and delivery obligations. Choosing the right term impacts your total landed cost.
FOB (Free On Board)
Definition: Seller delivers goods on board the vessel at the port of shipment. Buyer assumes risk and cost from that point forward.
- • Export clearance & documentation
- • Loading onto vessel
- • Transport to port
- • Ocean freight & insurance
- • Import customs clearance
- • Delivery to final destination
CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight)
Definition: Seller pays freight and insurance to destination port. Risk transfers when goods are loaded on vessel.
- • Export clearance
- • Ocean freight to destination
- • Marine insurance (minimum)
- • Import customs clearance
- • Port fees & unloading
- • Inland transport from port
EXW (Ex Works)
Definition: Seller makes goods available at their premises. Buyer handles all transportation, export, and import.
Note: EXW gives buyers maximum control but requires handling export procedures in seller's country—often challenging internationally.
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
Definition: Seller delivers goods to buyer's location, handling all costs, risks, export/import clearance, and duties.
Advantage: Simplest for buyers but typically most expensive. Seller manages entire logistics chain.